This report reviewed the cost-effectiveness of key health systems strengthening intentions, which includes results-based financing (RBF), voucher schemes, health insurance, personnel training, community mobilization, etc., with a total of 24 articles included in the review. Specifically on RBF, this report identified three studies on cost-effectiveness of the RBF programs, and the results showed that RBF was among the cost-effective interventions in addressing maternal and child health services. However, the evidence remains limited and calls for more and standardized cost-effective studies. Additionally, this report also suggests that it is critical to examine long-term cost-effectiveness of programs and cost-effectiveness of synergistic demand- and supply-side interventions.